What are the common signs of fetal distress

Fetal distress occurs when a fetus does not receive adequate oxygen during pregnancy or labor, often indicated by abnormal fetal heart rates and other signs. Recognizing these signs is crucial for timely medical intervention. Here are the common signs of fetal distress:

Common Signs of Fetal Distress

1. Abnormal Heart Rates:

• Tachycardia: A fetal heart rate exceeding 160 beats per minute.
• Bradycardia: A heart rate below 110 beats per minute.
• Variable Decelerations: Sudden drops in heart rate.
• Late Decelerations: Gradual decreases in heart rate following contractions.

2. Decrease in Fetal Movement:

A significant reduction or complete cessation of fetal movement can indicate distress. Monitoring changes in movement patterns is essential, especially after 28 weeks of gestation.

3. Maternal Symptoms:

• Intense Cramping and Severe Back Pain: While some cramping is normal, intense cramping may signal complications such as placental abruption.
• Vaginal Bleeding: Any vaginal bleeding during pregnancy should be reported immediately, as it may indicate serious issues like placenta previa or placental abruption.

4. Meconium in Amniotic Fluid:

The presence of meconium (the baby’s first stool) in the amniotic fluid can suggest fetal distress and increase the risk of meconium aspiration syndrome during delivery.

5. Abnormal Amniotic Fluid Levels:

Low (oligohydramnios) or high (polyhydramnios) levels of amniotic fluid can indicate potential complications affecting fetal health.

6. Maternal Weight Gain Issues:

Rapid or excessive weight gain beyond typical ranges may signal underlying issues that could affect fetal well-being.

7. Abnormal Biophysical Profile (BPP):

A BPP assesses fetal health through ultrasound measurements, including fetal breathing, movement, tone, and amniotic fluid volume. A score below 4 indicates potential distress.

Importance of Monitoring

Regular monitoring during pregnancy is vital to detect these signs early and address any complications promptly. If any of these signs are observed, medical professionals typically recommend further testing or interventions to ensure the safety and health of both the mother and the fetus.

Continue reading: Fetal Health Risk and Complications